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The Bench Report
UK Casino Regulations: Balancing Economic Growth & Gambling Harm
New UK regulations for land-based casinos aim to modernize rules and boost the economy. Changes include increased gaming machine allowances for 'converted casinos' and allowing them to offer betting. While supporting sector growth, the measures also introduce protections. However, parliamentary debate highlights concerns about potential increases in gambling harm, the adequacy of impact assessments, and enforcement challenges, sparking a debate on balancing economic aims with public safety.
Key Takeaways:
- "Converted casinos" can increase gaming machines (up to 80) if they meet specific size and area requirements, like having a gambling area of at least 500 square metres and a 5:1 machine-to-table ratio.
- The machine-to-table ratio for both small and converted casinos changes from 2:1 to 5:1, aligning them with larger casinos.
- All converted casinos can now offer betting products, which was previously prohibited.
- These regulations are estimated to increase the annual gross gambling yield by £53 million to £58 million.
- Concerns were raised about a potential increase in gambling-related harm and the transparency of the impact assessment, particularly due to redacted information.
Definitions:
- Converted Casinos: Casinos that were already operating when the Gambling Act 2005 came into force.
- Gross Gambling Yield (GGY): The total amount of money generated by gambling, before costs and taxes.
- Machine-to-Table Ratio: A rule limiting the number of gaming machines a casino can have based on its number of tables.
Discussion:
- How can governments effectively balance promoting economic growth in sectors like gambling with ensuring robust safeguards to prevent and mitigate gambling-related harm?
Source: Casinos (Gaming Machines and Mandatory Conditions) Regulations 2025
Volume 846: debated in Lords 17 June 2025
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No outside chatter: source material only taken from Hansard and the Parliament UK website.
Contains Parliamentary information repurposed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0.
Hello
SPEAKER_00:and welcome again to The Bench Report. You're listening to Amy and Ivan.
SPEAKER_01:Hello.
SPEAKER_00:Today we're looking into something quite interesting. the UK's new regulations for land-based casinos.
SPEAKER_01:It's a parliamentary discussion really trying to walk that line between encouraging economic growth and ensuring customer protection.
SPEAKER_00:Exactly. It raises that big question, doesn't it? How do you grow an industry like this while also managing the potential harms?
SPEAKER_01:It's a tricky balance.
SPEAKER_00:So the government's main aim here seems pretty clear. It's about boosting the economy.
SPEAKER_01:Right.
SPEAKER_00:The casino sector, well, it's already quite significant. We're talking about 866 million in gross gambling yield, GGY, each year.
SPEAKER_01:And a fair few jobs, too, around 10,000 people employed.
SPEAKER_00:Precisely. And these specific changes, they're estimated to add another 50 to 58 million to that GGY figure.
SPEAKER_01:The government's framing is very much about modernizing, isn't it? Updating laws made before online gambling really took off.
SPEAKER_00:Old laws for a new world, essentially.
SPEAKER_01:And what's really key here is how these changes affect different types of casinos. You've got the converted casinos first.
SPEAKER_00:Those operating before the 2005 act.
SPEAKER_01:That's them. The big change for them is they can now increase their gaming machines up to 80.
SPEAKER_00:80 machines. So that puts them on par with the small casinos.
SPEAKER_01:It does, yes. But it's not automatic. There are some pretty strict conditions. Okay.
SPEAKER_00:Like what?
SPEAKER_01:Well, things like minimum floor space requirements for gambling, non-gambling areas, and specifically for table gaming. Right. And they have to stick to a maximum machine-to-table ratio of 5.1, plus a cap on the total gambling area under 1,500 square meters.
SPEAKER_00:So some checks and balances there.
SPEAKER_01:Definitely. And another major shift for these converted casinos, they can now offer betting products. That was completely off-limits before.
SPEAKER_00:Wow. Okay. That opens up a whole new revenue stream for them. What about the actual small casinos, the ones created by the 2005 Act? Are they changing too?
SPEAKER_01:Yes, they are. For them, it's also about ratios and space. Their machine-to-table ratio changes from 2.1 up to 5.1. So aligning them with the rules for large casinos now.
SPEAKER_00:So more machines relative to tables across the board, potentially.
SPEAKER_01:Potentially, yes. And linked to that, their minimum required table gaming area is actually reducing, down from 500 square meters to 250. Okay,
SPEAKER_00:so you could see how that facilitates the shift towards more machines. It sounds like a definite push for expansion, especially machine play.
SPEAKER_01:It does seem that way.
SPEAKER_00:Which understandably led to some serious questions being asked in parliament.
SPEAKER_01:A lot of concern was voiced.
SPEAKER_00:Particularly around that 5.1 ratio. Is that shift inherently going to cause more gambling harm? That was the core question.
SPEAKER_01:And interestingly, the government's own impact assessment actually acknowledged that risk.
SPEAKER_00:Did it really? What did it say?
SPEAKER_01:It stated there's, and I quote, a risk that this measure increases the prevalence of gambling-related harm.
SPEAKER_00:That's quite an admission to put in your own assessment.
SPEAKER_01:It is. And it fueled further questions about transparency. For instance, why was key data blacked out in that assessment? Things like time spent on machines, the budget for evaluating the changes.
SPEAKER_00:Redacted.
SPEAKER_01:Completely blacked out. Then there were questions about these 42 so-called dormant casino licenses.
SPEAKER_00:Licenses that exist but aren't being used.
SPEAKER_01:Exactly. Could they suddenly be activated, leading to a sort of backdoor expansion?
SPEAKER_00:Without fresh oversight, perhaps.
SPEAKER_01:That was the concern. Plus, general doubts about how effective the harm prevention monitoring would actually be, given past issues elsewhere in the gambling sector.
SPEAKER_00:So a fair bit of pushback and scrutiny there. How did the government counter these points?
SPEAKER_01:Well, Baroness Twycross responded for the government. She argued that casinos are already, you know, highly regulated places.
SPEAKER_00:With lots of supervision.
SPEAKER_01:With significant player supervision, yes. She highlighted the built-in protections in the new rules, those space requirements we mentioned, the need for local licensing approval for more machines. Okay. And she confirmed evaluation plans are definitely in place. It's a joint effort between DCMS, the culture department, and the Gambling Commission specifically to track the impact on harm levels.
SPEAKER_00:And the dormant licenses.
SPEAKER_01:The view presented was that it's highly unlikely they'll be activated. And interestingly, the point was made that increased profitability for casinos isn't automatically a bad thing from the government's perspective.
SPEAKER_00:Right. So the official line is regulated environment, safeguards in place, evaluation planned, and growth isn't inherently negative. It leaves us with a fundamental question, though, doesn't it? For you, consider this. Can economic growth in a sector like gambling truly happen without any increase in gambling-related harm? Or is that simply a societal tradeoff we have to accept?
SPEAKER_01:A difficult question with no easy answers.
SPEAKER_00:Indeed. As always, find us on social media at BenchReportUK. Get in touch with any topic important to you.
SPEAKER_01:Remember, politics is everyone's business.
